考虑塑性变形发展程度系数的RC梁开裂弯矩改进计算公式

针对RC梁开裂荷载计算方法尚未统一的现状，首先，结合18根RC梁试验数据对比了已有的6种RC梁开裂弯矩计算公式，发现开裂弯矩理论计算值与试验值的偏差大小和混凝土强度有关；然后，通过提出塑性变形发展程度系数k，推导新的RC梁开裂弯矩计算公式，并进一步基于k值和塑性影响系数计算值γ_k进行改进；最后，选取12根RC试验梁验证改进公式的准确性，证明改进公式的计算值与试验值吻合更好且偏于安全。     

一种考虑界面相物性影响的界面单元法

界面是由复杂的界面相简化而成的,界面破坏实际是界面相材料的破坏。数值计算为了方便,如经典模型和内聚力模型等,都把很薄的界面相作无厚度化处理。导致只能考虑界面的面力,而无法考虑界面相内的应力(平行于界面方向的应力)。使界面失效准则先天性地排除了界面相内部应力的影响,从界面相材料失效机理的角度来看这是不够严谨的。本文将界面相材料等效为一种弹性连续体,由界面本构关系推导得到了一种新的界面单元。该单元具有界面参数易确定、对界面相物性可以进行等效描述等优点。通过商用有限元软件ABAQUS和用户子程序UEL实现了数值分析,并与直接物理模型的数值模拟结果进行对比,证明了本方法的简便及准确性。通过对不同界面相厚度结构的进一步分析,探讨了本文方法的可行范围。     

Dynamics of excitons and carriers at the NPB/C60 interface by transient photocurrents

The transient photocurrent (TPC) technique was performed to explore the dynamics of excitons and carriers at organic active layer/buffer layer interfaces. A special device with ITO/PEIE/NPB/C₆₀/Al structure was designed to study the interfacial processes at the NPB/C₆₀ interface. An external electrical field was provided to neutralize the built-in electrical field of the device. Interestingly, a new phenomenon was observed, wherein the polarity of the TPC changed from negative to positive under an external electrical field. The initial negative signal was ascribed to exciton separation by the built-in field in C₆₀, and the subsequent positive signal can be attributed to the diffusion of electrons that accumulate at the NPB/C₆₀ interface. TPC measurements shown that further increasing the external electrical field causes polarity to change twice. Analyzing the two changes in polarity revealed that the NPB did not only extract holes from C₆₀ but also provided an effective interface for exciton dissociation.     

Three-dimensional interfacial fracture analysis of a one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal coating

In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) interfacial fracture is analyzed in a one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal quasicrystal (QC) coating structure under mechanical loading. A planar interface crack with arbitrary shape is studied by a displacement discontinuity method. Fundamental solutions of interfacial concentrated displacement discontinuities are obtained by the Hankel transform technique, and the corresponding boundary integral-differential equations are constructed with the superposition principle. Green’s functions of constant interfacial displacement discontinuities within a rectangular element are derived, and a boundary element method is proposed for numerical simulation. The singularity of stresses near the crack front is investigated, and the stress intensity factors (SIFs) as well as energy release rates (ERRs) are determined. Finally, relevant influencing factors on the fracture behavior are discussed.     

GaN单晶衬底上同质外延界面杂质的研究

氮化镓单晶衬底上的同质外延具有显著的优势,但是二次生长界面上的杂质聚集一直是困扰同质外延广泛应用的难题,特别是对电子器件会带来沟道效应,对激光器应用会影响谐振腔中的光场分布。本文通过金属有机化合物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)生长的原位处理,实现了界面杂质聚集的有效抑制。研究发现,界面上的主要杂质是C、H、O和Si,其中C、H、O可以通过原位热清洗去除;界面Si聚集的问题主要是由衬底外延片保存过程中暴露空气带来的,其次是氮化镓衬底中Si背底浓度,在外延过程中,生长载气对氮化镓单晶衬底不稳定的N面造成刻蚀,释放的杂质元素会对二次生长界面产生影响,本文较系统地阐明了界面杂质的形成机制,并提出了解决方案。     

Hydrogen Spillover Enhanced Hydroxyl Formation and Catalytic Activity Toward CO Oxidation at the Metal/Oxide Interface

H₂‐promoted catalytic activity of oxide‐supported metal catalysts in low‐temperature CO oxidation is of great interest but its origin remains unknown. Employing an FeO(111)/Pt(111) inverse model catalyst, we herewith report direct experimental evidence for the spillover of H(a) adatoms on the Pt surface formed by H₂ dissociation to the Pt?FeO interface to form hydroxyl groups that facilely oxidize CO(a) on the neighboring Pt surface to produce CO₂. Hydroxyl groups and coadsorbed water play a crucial role in the occurrence of hydrogen spillover. These results unambiguously identify the occurrence of hydrogen spillover from the metal surface to the noble metal/metal oxide interface and the resultant enhanced catalytic activity of the metal/oxide interface in low‐temperature CO oxidation, which provides a molecular‐level understanding of both H₂‐promoted catalytic activity of metal/oxide ensembles in low‐temperature CO oxidation and hydrogen spillover.     

生物活性牙科复合树脂的研究进展

牙科复合树脂由于色泽美观,在口腔临床上具有广泛的应用。但其仍然存在边缘缝隙的问题,从而导致继发龋的发生。再矿化复合树脂中的生物活性填料会释放能够再矿化的钙、磷离子,促使材料表面形成矿化层,能够抑制二次龋的发生。本文介绍了不同种类、含量、粒径大小和表面改性的生物活性填料对复合树脂物理、机械性能的影响,分析了再矿化复合树脂的再矿化行为,提出了再矿化复合树脂亟待解决的问题和研究难点,展望了复合树脂的研究方向。     

纳米银改性树脂基托机械性能的初步研究

采用磁控溅射技术在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)树脂基托表面沉积一层纳米银(Ag NPs)涂层.研究了纳米银改性PMMA树脂基托的机械性能,为改性材料的临床应用提供理论基础.根据国际标准ISO2409:2007描述的划格法对涂层与基底的附着力强度进行测试,各组试件的接触角采用静态液滴法测量,三点弯曲法检测试件的弯曲强度.结果显示,各组涂层与PMMA基底材料结合良好,各组试件的表面润湿性变化不大,其中PMMA-Ag NPs80s组疏水性略有提高,各组试件的弯曲强度均符合国家标准.     

Topological “interfacial” polymer chemistry: Dependency of polymer “shape” on surface morphology and stability of layer structures when heating organized molecular films of cyclic and linear block copolymers of n‐butyl acrylate‐ethylene oxide

The “topological polymer chemistry” of amphiphilic linear and cyclic block copolymers at an air/water interface was investigated. A cyclic copolymer and two linear copolymers (AB‐type diblock and ABA‐type triblock copolymers) synthesized from the same monomers were used in this study. Relatively stable monolayers of these three copolymers were observed to form at an air/water interface. Similar condensed‐phase temperature‐dependent behaviors were observed in surface pressure–area isotherms for these three monolayers. Molecular orientations at the air/water interface for the two linear block copolymers were similar to that of the cyclic block copolymer. Atomic force microscopic observations of transferred films for the three polymer types revealed the formation of monolayers with very similar morphologies at the mesoscopic scale at room temperature and constant compression speed. ABA‐type triblock linear copolymers adopted a fiber‐like surface morphology via two‐dimensional crystallization at low compression speeds. In contrast, the cyclic block copolymer formed a shapeless domain. Temperature‐controlled out‐of‐plane X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films fabricated from both amphiphilic linear and cyclic block copolymers was performed to estimate the layer regularity at higher temperatures. Excellent heat‐resistant properties of organized molecular films created from the cyclic copolymer were confirmed. Both copolymer types showed clear diffraction peaks at room temperature, indicating the formation of highly ordered layer structures. However, the layer structures of the linear copolymers gradually disordered when heated. Conversely, the regularity of cyclic copolymer LB multilayers did not change with heating up to 50 °C. Higher‐order reflections (d₀₀₂, d₀₀₃) in the XRD patterns were also unchanged, indicative of a highly ordered structure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 486–498     

Anchoring Mechanism of ZnO Nanoparticles on Graphitic Carbon Nanofiber Surfaces through a Modified Co‐Precipitation Method to Improve Interfacial Contact and Photocatalytic Performance

A facile three‐step co‐precipitation method is developed to synthesize graphitic carbon nanofibers (CNFs) decorated with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). By interchanging intermediate steps of the reaction processes, two kinds of nanohybrids are fabricated with stark morphological and physicochemical differences. The morphologies differ because of the different chemical environments of the NP/nanocluster formation. The hybrid with larger and non‐uniform ZnO nanocluster size is formed in liquid phase and resulted in considerable interfacial defects that deteriorate the charge‐transfer properties. The hybrid with smaller and uniform ZnO NPs was formed in a dry solid phase and produced near‐defect‐free interfaces, leading to efficient charge transfer for superior photocatalytic performance. The results broaden the understanding of the anchoring/bonding mechanism in ZnO/CNF hybrid formation and may facilitate further development of more effective exfoliation strategies for the preparation of high‐performance composites/hybrids.